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Fluoroquinolones in poultry in Europe
FQs in poultry in Europe image
https://nutritionfacts.org/blog/why-are-chickens-fed-prozac/
https://www.pluimveeweb.nl/artikel/411025-europees-antibioticagebruik-dieren-lager-dan-bij-mensen/
https://www.pluimveeweb.nl/zoek/fluorochinolone/
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Plofkip in Ukraine , made possible by the Netherlands
Eng :
What is a 'flop chicken'?
A 'plow chicken' is the name given by food journalist Wouter Klootwijk to the regular broiler chicken. This is a special cross-bred chicken breed for meat production. Within six weeks, the animal grows into a chicken with a lot of breast meat with relatively little feed (1.5 kilos for 1 kilo of chicken), water and energy. These chicken breeds have now become the worldwide standard for chicken meat production. This makes chicken affordable for many people, including in developing countries, and that is important for food security. It also has the lowest ecological footprint of all types of meat. full water and antibiotic !!
NL
Wat is een ‘plofkip’?
Een ‘plofkip’ is de naam die door voedseljournalist Wouter Klootwijk is gegeven aan het reguliere vleeskuiken. Dit is een speciaal gekruist kippenras voor de vleesproductie. Het dier groeit binnen zes weken met relatief weinig voer (1,5 kilo voor 1 kilo kip) water en energie uit tot een kip met veel borstvlees. Deze kippenrassen zijn inmiddels wereldwijd de standaard voor de productie van kippenvlees. Dit maakt kip voor veel mensen betaalbaar, ook in ontwikkelingslanden en dat is belangrijk voor de voedselzekerheid. Van alle vleessoorten heeft het bovendien de laagste ecologische voetafdruk. voll water en antibiotic
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https://www.bothends.org/nl/Actueel/Nieuws/Plofkip-mede-mogelijk-gemaakt-door-Nederland/
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Group
Antibiotics for systemic use
Indication
BI skin
BI AHS
BI GIS
BI UGS
septicaemia
BI osteo-articular system
BI otitis
BI mastitis
BI soft tissues
Active component
flumequine
enrofloxacin
marbofloxacin
danofloxacin
orbifloxacin
pradofloxacin
Indication
By adding a fluorine atom, fluoroquinolones were derived from the quinolones. Fluoroquinolones have broader spectra of action and better pharmacokinetic properties than the quinolones.
Fluoroquinolones include flumequine, an older fluoroquinolone used in the treatment of gastrointestinal infections in farm animals, and more recent fluorine compounds such as enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, danofloxacin and pradofloxacin. These compounds are purely synthetic.
Fluoroquinolones are bactericidal and are active against GRAM aerobes (also Pseudomonas aeruginosa), mycoplasms and rickettsias and, with the exception of pradofloxacin, have little activity against anaerobes. They possess variable but moderate activity against GRAM+. Recent fluoroquinolones used in human medicine have higher activity against Gram+ and anaerobes.
Resistance is primarily a result of mutations in the genes that code for bacterial topoisomerases or sometimes due to the presence of an efflux system through which the antibiotic is removed from the bacterial cell. However, recent dosing regimens based on the systemic administration of high doses for a relatively short period of time ensure optimal antibiotic efficacy and are likely to limit the emergence of resistance. The recent emergence of subclinical resistances (e.g. via qnr genes) emphasizes the need to strictly apply the dosage of these drugs.
Fluoroquinolones are considered critical antibiotics for human medicine and may only be administered to animals (all animals, including food-producing animals, companion animals and horses) if sensitivity tests have shown that the etiological germ is sensitive to the critical antibiotic and resistant to other, non-critical antibiotics.
(RD of July 21, 2016 amended by the RD of July 21, 2023 - More information via FAMHP).
In some cases, the ineffectiveness of the non-critical antibiotic will not be the result of resistance of the germ, but will be caused by less favorable pharmacokinetic properties of the drug. You can then look for another medicine with the same active ingredient but with better pharmacokinetic properties. If the latter is not available, a critical antibiotic must ultimately be chosen.
The principles of a PK/PD analysis have been discussed in the Folia Veterinaria (2016 no. 2, 2015 no. 1 and 2011 no. 3)
For resistance to fluoroquinolones, see also Folia Veterinaria 2004 no. 3 and 2008 no. 3.
These drugs are often indicated for the treatment of respiratory, intestinal, urinary, genital (prostatitis, epidydimitis, pyometra), dermal (pyodermatitis, furonculosis, folliculitis, wounds) infections, as well as soft tissue infections, mastitis, MMA syndrome in sows, septicemias, arthritis and otitis. The package leaflet usually mentions the causative germ. Pharmacokinetic data are also available for many medicines.
Pharmacodynamics
The bactericidal effect of fluoroquinolones is caused by inhibition of proteins (topoisomerases), including bacterial DNA gyrase, which are responsible for stabilizing the three-dimensional structure of bacterial DNA.
Pharmacokinetics
In monogastric patients, fluoroquinolones are rapidly and almost completely absorbed orally (80 - 100%). Maximum plasma concentrations are reached one hour after absorption. Oral absorption is reduced in the presence of magnesium and aluminum (antacids).
The oral bioavailability of ruminants is low.
Due to their highly lipophilic character, there is a large tissue distribution, with good penetration to bronchial secretions, bone, cartilage and prostate. Concentration of these substances in macrophages and neutrophils leads to a high concentration at the sites of inflammation.
They are partially metabolized by the liver and excreted as active molecule in the bile and urine. The urinary concentration may be 10 times higher than the plasma concentration.
Contraindication
The use of fluoroquinolones in animals with joint problems or growth disorders should be done with caution and only when no other therapies are available.
Do not use in animals that have epilepsy or exhibit seizures, as fluoroquinolones such as enrofloxacin and pradofloxacin may stimulate the central nervous system.
Side effects
Fluoroquinolones are not very toxic. Their main side effect is damage to the cartilage
PS,
it's not true fluoroquinolone are extremely dangerous they are high dose chemo cures
😡😡😡
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